Roles of Education and IQ in Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson's Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment
Identifieur interne : 001136 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001135; suivant : 001137Roles of Education and IQ in Cognitive Reserve in Parkinson's Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment
Auteurs : M. J. Armstrong [Canada] ; G. Naglie [Canada] ; S. Duff-Canning [Canada] ; C. Meaney [Canada] ; D. Gill ; P. J. Eslinger ; C. Zadikoff ; M. Mapstone [États-Unis] ; K. L. Chou [États-Unis] ; C. Persad [États-Unis] ; I. Litvan [États-Unis] ; B. T. Mast [États-Unis] ; S. Fox [Canada] ; D. F. Tang-Wai [Canada] ; C. Marras [Canada]Source :
- Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders EXTRA [ 1664-5464 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
The role of cognitive reserve in Parkinson's disease (PD)-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is incompletely understood.
The relationships between PD-MCI, years of education, and estimated premorbid IQ were examined in 119 consecutive non-demented PD patients using logistic regression models.
Higher education and IQ were associated with reduced odds of PD-MCI in univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis, a higher IQ was associated with a significantly decreased odds of PD-MCI, but education was not.
The association of higher IQ and decreased odds of PD-MCI supports a role for cognitive reserve in PD, but further studies are needed to clarify the interaction of IQ and education and the impact of other contributors such as employment and hobbies.
Url:
DOI: 10.1159/000341782
PubMed: 22962558
PubMed Central: 3435526
Affiliations:
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Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naglie, G" sort="Naglie, G" uniqKey="Naglie G" first="G." last="Naglie">G. Naglie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Medicine and the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Geriatric Health Care Centre, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Geriatric Health Care Centre, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duff Canning, S" sort="Duff Canning, S" uniqKey="Duff Canning S" first="S." last="Duff-Canning">S. Duff-Canning</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Neuropsychology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuropsychology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meaney, C" sort="Meaney, C" uniqKey="Meaney C" first="C." last="Meaney">C. Meaney</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gill, D" sort="Gill, D" uniqKey="Gill D" first="D." last="Gill">D. Gill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey, Hershey, Pa.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Pa.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eslinger, P J" sort="Eslinger, P J" uniqKey="Eslinger P" first="P. J." last="Eslinger">P. J. 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Mapstone</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chou, K L" sort="Chou, K L" uniqKey="Chou K" first="K. L." last="Chou">K. L. Chou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Neurology, Mich., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Mich.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mich.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Persad, C" sort="Persad, C" uniqKey="Persad C" first="C." last="Persad">C. Persad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Mich.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mich.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvan, I" sort="Litvan, I" uniqKey="Litvan I" first="I." last="Litvan">I. Litvan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, Calif.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Calif.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mast, B T" sort="Mast, B T" uniqKey="Mast B" first="B. T." last="Mast">B. T. Mast</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ky.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, S" sort="Fox, S" uniqKey="Fox S" first="S." last="Fox">S. Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang Wai, D F" sort="Tang Wai, D F" uniqKey="Tang Wai D" first="D. F." last="Tang-Wai">D. F. 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J." last="Armstrong">M. J. Armstrong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naglie, G" sort="Naglie, G" uniqKey="Naglie G" first="G." last="Naglie">G. Naglie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Medicine and the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Geriatric Health Care Centre, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine and the Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Geriatric Health Care Centre, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff5">Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duff Canning, S" sort="Duff Canning, S" uniqKey="Duff Canning S" first="S." last="Duff-Canning">S. Duff-Canning</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Department of Neuropsychology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuropsychology, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meaney, C" sort="Meaney, C" uniqKey="Meaney C" first="C." last="Meaney">C. Meaney</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gill, D" sort="Gill, D" uniqKey="Gill D" first="D." last="Gill">D. Gill</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey, Hershey, Pa.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Pa.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eslinger, P J" sort="Eslinger, P J" uniqKey="Eslinger P" first="P. J." last="Eslinger">P. J. Eslinger</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey, Hershey, Pa.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Pa.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zadikoff, C" sort="Zadikoff, C" uniqKey="Zadikoff C" first="C." last="Zadikoff">C. Zadikoff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9">Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Ill.</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mapstone, M" sort="Mapstone, M" uniqKey="Mapstone M" first="M." last="Mapstone">M. Mapstone</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y.</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chou, K L" sort="Chou, K L" uniqKey="Chou K" first="K. L." last="Chou">K. L. Chou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Department of Neurology, Mich., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, Mich.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mich.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Persad, C" sort="Persad, C" uniqKey="Persad C" first="C." last="Persad">C. Persad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Mich., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Mich.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Mich.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvan, I" sort="Litvan, I" uniqKey="Litvan I" first="I." last="Litvan">I. Litvan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, Calif., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego, Calif.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Calif.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mast, B T" sort="Mast, B T" uniqKey="Mast B" first="B. T." last="Mast">B. T. Mast</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky., USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ky.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fox, S" sort="Fox, S" uniqKey="Fox S" first="S." last="Fox">S. Fox</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tang Wai, D F" sort="Tang Wai, D F" uniqKey="Tang Wai D" first="D. F." last="Tang-Wai">D. F. Tang-Wai</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">University Health Network Memory Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>University Health Network Memory Clinic, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marras, C" sort="Marras, C" uniqKey="Marras C" first="C." last="Marras">C. Marras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Toronto Western Hospital Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont.</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont., Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ont.</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement><region type="state">Ontario</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders EXTRA</title><idno type="ISSN">1664-5464</idno><idno type="eISSN">1664-5464</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background/Aims</title><p>The role of cognitive reserve in Parkinson's disease (PD)-mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is incompletely understood.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The relationships between PD-MCI, years of education, and estimated premorbid IQ were examined in 119 consecutive non-demented PD patients using logistic regression models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Higher education and IQ were associated with reduced odds of PD-MCI in univariate analysis. In multivariable analysis, a higher IQ was associated with a significantly decreased odds of PD-MCI, but education was not.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The association of higher IQ and decreased odds of PD-MCI supports a role for cognitive reserve in PD, but further studies are needed to clarify the interaction of IQ and education and the impact of other contributors such as employment and hobbies.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stern, Y" uniqKey="Stern Y">Y Stern</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caviness, Jn" uniqKey="Caviness J">JN Caviness</name></author><author><name sortKey="Driver Dunckley, E" uniqKey="Driver Dunckley E">E Driver-Dunckley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Connor, Dj" uniqKey="Connor D">DJ Connor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabbagh, Mn" uniqKey="Sabbagh M">MN Sabbagh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hentz, Jg" uniqKey="Hentz J">JG Hentz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noble, B" uniqKey="Noble B">B Noble</name></author><author><name sortKey="Evidente, Vg" uniqKey="Evidente V">VG Evidente</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shill, Ha" uniqKey="Shill H">HA Shill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adler, Ch" uniqKey="Adler C">CH Adler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mamikonyan, E" uniqKey="Mamikonyan E">E Mamikonyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Moberg, Pj" uniqKey="Moberg P">PJ Moberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siderowf, A" uniqKey="Siderowf A">A Siderowf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duda, Je" uniqKey="Duda J">JE Duda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Have, Tt" uniqKey="Have T">TT Have</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hurtig, Hi" uniqKey="Hurtig H">HI Hurtig</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stern, Mb" uniqKey="Stern M">MB Stern</name></author><author><name 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J." last="Eslinger">P. J. Eslinger</name><name sortKey="Gill, D" sort="Gill, D" uniqKey="Gill D" first="D." last="Gill">D. Gill</name><name sortKey="Zadikoff, C" sort="Zadikoff, C" uniqKey="Zadikoff C" first="C." last="Zadikoff">C. Zadikoff</name></noCountry><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Armstrong, M J" sort="Armstrong, M J" uniqKey="Armstrong M" first="M. J." last="Armstrong">M. J. Armstrong</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Armstrong, M J" sort="Armstrong, M J" uniqKey="Armstrong M" first="M. J." last="Armstrong">M. J. Armstrong</name><name sortKey="Duff Canning, S" sort="Duff Canning, S" uniqKey="Duff Canning S" first="S." last="Duff-Canning">S. Duff-Canning</name><name sortKey="Fox, S" sort="Fox, S" uniqKey="Fox S" first="S." last="Fox">S. Fox</name><name sortKey="Fox, S" sort="Fox, S" uniqKey="Fox S" first="S." last="Fox">S. Fox</name><name sortKey="Marras, C" sort="Marras, C" uniqKey="Marras C" first="C." last="Marras">C. Marras</name><name sortKey="Marras, C" sort="Marras, C" uniqKey="Marras C" first="C." last="Marras">C. Marras</name><name sortKey="Meaney, C" sort="Meaney, C" uniqKey="Meaney C" first="C." last="Meaney">C. Meaney</name><name sortKey="Naglie, G" sort="Naglie, G" uniqKey="Naglie G" first="G." last="Naglie">G. Naglie</name><name sortKey="Naglie, G" sort="Naglie, G" uniqKey="Naglie G" first="G." last="Naglie">G. Naglie</name><name sortKey="Naglie, G" sort="Naglie, G" uniqKey="Naglie G" first="G." last="Naglie">G. Naglie</name><name sortKey="Tang Wai, D F" sort="Tang Wai, D F" uniqKey="Tang Wai D" first="D. F." last="Tang-Wai">D. F. Tang-Wai</name><name sortKey="Tang Wai, D F" sort="Tang Wai, D F" uniqKey="Tang Wai D" first="D. F." last="Tang-Wai">D. F. Tang-Wai</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Mapstone, M" sort="Mapstone, M" uniqKey="Mapstone M" first="M." last="Mapstone">M. Mapstone</name></region><name sortKey="Chou, K L" sort="Chou, K L" uniqKey="Chou K" first="K. L." last="Chou">K. L. Chou</name><name sortKey="Litvan, I" sort="Litvan, I" uniqKey="Litvan I" first="I." last="Litvan">I. Litvan</name><name sortKey="Mast, B T" sort="Mast, B T" uniqKey="Mast B" first="B. T." last="Mast">B. T. Mast</name><name sortKey="Persad, C" sort="Persad, C" uniqKey="Persad C" first="C." last="Persad">C. Persad</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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